EN3405 Fate and Transport of Contaminants in the Environment Syllabus:

EN3405 Fate and Transport of Contaminants in the Environment Syllabus – Anna University Regulation 2021

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

• To educate the students on the mechanism of transport and fate of contaminants in the geosphere of the environment.

UNIT I EQUILIBRIUM AND TRANSPORT MECHANISMS

Concentration and Phase density – air-water equilibrium, Soil-water equilibrium, Earthen solid- air equilibrium. Liquid-chemical equilibrium – thermal equilibrium at environmental interfaces. Diffusion and mass transfer – molecular diffusion- Fick‚s Law – eddy diffusion – mass transfer theories -fundamentals of heat transfer –heat and mass transfer.

UNIT II EXCHANGE RATES BETWEEN AIR AND WATER

Desorption of gases and liquids from aerated basins and rivers – completely mixed basin – plug flow basin – gas exchange rates between the atmosphere and the surface of rivers – exchange of chemical across the air – water interface of lakes and oceans.

UNIT III EXCHANGE RATES BETWEEN WATER AND THE EARTHERN MATERIAL

Dissolution of chemicals -natural convection dissolution – water interface – mass transfer coefficients at the sediment – water interface. Flux of chemicals between sediment and the overlying seawater – movement of chemicals through the benthic boundary layer.

UNIT IV EXCHANGE RATES BETWEEN AIR AND SOIL

Turbulence above the air – soil interface – the Richardson number – chemical flux rates through the lower layer of the atmosphere –evaporation of liquid chemicals spilled on land – chemical flux rates through the upper layer of earthen material.

UNIT V CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT ANALYSIS

Potential theory- Potential Functions- Stream Function – Travel time along with Stream Functions- Residential Time Distribution Theory- Analysis of Chemical Spills and Contaminant plumes – Fourier analysis of Initial value – point spill analysis- vertically mix spill analysis- Horizontal Plane Source analysis

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
COURSE OUTCOME

On completion of the course, the student is expected to
CO1 Understand the equilibrium and transport mechanisms
CO2 Have a knowledge of gas exchange rates between air and water
CO3 Have a knowledge of gas exchange rates between water and soil
CO4 Have a knowledge of gas exchange rates between air and soil.
CO5 Understand contaminant transport analysis

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Thibodeaux, L.J, “Environmental Chemo dynamics: Movement Of Chemicals In Air, Water and Soil”, 2nd edition ., Wiley – Intercedence, New York, 1996.
2. Schnoor, J.L., Environmental Modelling Fate and Transport of Pollutants in Water, Air and Soil, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1996.
3. Walton, J.C., Fate and Transport of Contaminants in the Environment, College Publishing 2008.
4. Charbeneau, R.J., Groundwater Hydraulics and Pollutant Transport, Waveland Press, 2006

REFERENCES:

1. Zheng, C., and Bennett, G.D., Applied Contaminants Transport Modelling, WileyBlackwell, 2002.
2. Samiullah, Y., Prediction of the Environmental Fate of Contaminants, Springer 2011.
3. David Chin., Water Quality Engineering in Natural Systems: Fate and Transport Process in the Environment, Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.
4. Hemond, H.F., and Fechner, E.J., Chemicals Fate and Transport in the Environment, Academic Press, 2014.
5. Cussler, E.L, Diffusion: Mass Transfer In Fluid Systems, Cambridge University press, 1994