CBM338 Biomechanics Syllabus:

CBM338 Biomechanics Syllabus – Anna University Regulation 2021

COURSE OBJECTIVES

The objective of this course is to enable the student to
 Learn the fundamental concepts of the principles of mechanics.
 Understand the basics of biofluid mechanics.
 Review the mechanical properties of musculoskeletal elements.
 Study the biomechanics of joints and implants.
 Learn the application of biomechanics into modelling and ergonomic design.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO MECHANICS

Introduction – Scalars and vectors, Statics –Resolution and composition of forces, Moments, couple, Resultant, equilibrium of coplanar forces, Dynamics – Linear motion, Newton’s laws of motion, Velocity and acceleration, Kinematics – Models, Transducers Constitutive equations –Nonviscous fluid, Newtonian Viscous fluid and Hookean Elastic solid

UNIT II BIOFLUID MECHANICS

Intrinsic fluid properties, Rheological properties of blood, Pressure-flow relationship for Non Newtonian Fluids, Fluid mechanics in straight tube, Structure of blood vessels, Material properties and modelling of Blood vessels, Heart – Cardiac muscle characterization, Native heart valves, Prosthetic heart valve fluid dynamics.

UNIT III MUSCULOSKELETAL MECHANICS

Constitutive equation of viscoelasticity – Maxwell, Voight and Kelvin models, anisotropy, Hard Tissues – Structure, viscoelastic properties, functional adaptation, Soft Tissues – Structure, functions, material properties and modelling of Soft Tissues – Cartilage, Tendons and Ligaments Skeletal Muscle, Bone fracture mechanics, Implants for bone fractures.

UNIT IV BIOMECHANICS OF JOINTS AND IMPLANTS

Skeletal joints, forces and stresses in human joints, Analysis of rigid bodies in equilibrium, Free body diagrams, Structure of joints, Types of joints, Biomechanical analysis of elbow, shoulder, spinal column, hip, knee and ankle, Lubrication of synovial joints, Gait analysis, Motion analysis using video.

UNITV MODELLING AND ERGONOMICS

Introduction to Finite Element Analysis, finite element analysis of lumbar spine; models for voice biomechanics, Ergonomics –Musculoskeletal disorders, Ergonomic principles contributing to good workplace design, Design of a Computer work station, Whole body vibrations, Hand transmitted and whole-body vibrations.

30 PERIODS

LAB COMPONENT 30 PERIODS

1. MATLAB implementation of Vector algebra, force and moment calculation
2. Program used in conjunction with the EMG system to analyse muscle activation patterns.
3. Biomechanical analysis of voice.
4. Cardiovascular models.
5. Musculoskeletal models.
6. Finite element analysis.

TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

SOFTWARE TOOLS

1. MATLAB/ Python
2. CVSIM/Equivalent tools
3. OpenSim/FEBIO/ Equivalent tools.

COURSE OUTCOMES

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to
CO1: Understand and apply the principles of mechanics, kinetics and kinematics in the context of biological systems Appraise the basics of biofluid mechanics as applied to heart valve design and blood vessel models.
CO2: Describe the basics of biofluid mechanics as applied to heart valve design and blood vessel models.
CO3: Describe the mechanical properties of musculoskeletal elements to develop the mathematical models of joints and implants.
CO4: Apply the knowledge of biomechanics into analysis of human joints and motion
CO5: Apply Biomechanics principles to “real-world” problem and describe their impact on health, safety, society, environment as well as underlying legal and ethical considerations.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Y.C. Fung, Bio-Mechanics- Mechanical Properties of Tissues, Springer-Verlag, 1998.
2. Subrata Pal, Textbook of Biomechanics, Viva Books Private Limited, 2009
3. Krishna B. Chandran, Ajit P. Yoganathan and Stanley E. Rittgers, Biofluid Mechanics:The Human Circulation, Taylor and Francis, 2007.
4. Özkaya, Nihat, Dawn Leger, David Goldsheyder, and Margareta Nordin. Fundamentals of biomechanics: equilibrium, motion, and deformation. Springer, 2016.

REFERENCES

1. Sheraz S. Malik and Shahbaz S. Malik, Orthopaedic Biomechanics Made Easy,Cambridge University Press, 2015.
2. Jay D. Humphrey, Sherry De Lange, An Introduction to Biomechanics: Solids and Fluids, Analysis and Design, Springer Science Business Media, 2004.
3. Shrawan Kumar, Biomechanics in Ergonomics, Second Edition, CRC Press 2007.
4. Neil J. Mansfeild, Human Response to Vibration, CRC Press, 2005.
5. Carl J. Payton, Biomechanical Evaluation of movement in sports and Exercise, 2008.