CH3003 Secondary Refining Technology Syllabus:
CH3003 Secondary Refining Technology Syllabus – Anna University Regulation 2021
OBJECTIVE
The course is aimed
1. To enable the students to learn the methodologies in the secondary petroleum refining or upgrading processes like thermal cracking, coking, catalytic cracking, hydrocracking ,hydro treating, reforming, isomerization, alkylation and sulfur finishing processes
2. To enable students to learn refinery operation on FCC, Vis breaker, DCU, Reformer, etc. and operation on utilities like steam, cooling water, instrument air, H2, N2 etc.
3. To enable students learn each operating variables of all units
UNIT I THERMAL CRACKING AND COKING
Resid upgradation technologies- cracking-thermal cracking-mechanism/principle/reactionsprocess variables- Visbreaking- soaker process- coil visbreaker-Disadvantages-Cokingthermodynamics and mechanism of coking-delayed coking-operation-fluid coking-flexicokingtypes of coke and properties- yield pattern of cracking and coking
UNIT II CATALYTIC CRACKING
Principles of catalytic cracking-mechanisms- FCC- main reaction of FCC- role of FCC in refineryFluidization- feedstocks/products/yield pattern- Kinetics and thermodynamics of FCC reactionsFCC catalyst and licensor technologies- reaction/regeneration/fractionation sections-slide valves and its importance- riser/cyclone separator/reactor internals-RFCC/MSCC/Petro FCC
UNIT III HYDROGEN AND HYDROCONVERSION
H2 requirements-steam reforming and shift conversion-operation and thermodynamics of reformer and NI catalyst-Hydro treatment processes- catalyst and reaction chemistryNaphtha/Diesel/lube/wax/gasoline hydro treatment-Hydrocracking process- Typical hydrocracker in refinery- catalyst/severity/conversion/Temperature profile for yield pattern-reaction kinetics of hydrocracker- Operation and variables
UNIT IV REFORMING/ISOMERISATION/ALKYLATION
Reforming feed index-RON-various reforming technologies-platforming reactions-kinetics and thermodynamics of Pt catalyst reactions-Operation in Straight Run and Continuous Run modeyield calculation- Isomerization techniques- reactions and kinetics- various technologies in isomimportance of catalyst-hexane production-Alkylation process-reactions – various alkylation processes- process variables in reforming/isom/alky.
UNIT V FINISHING PROCESSES AND UTILITIES
Sources of sulfur in refinery-types of sulfur compounds in crude-sweetening processes- various sulfur treatment process in products-H2S properties and removal by physical and chemical process- Amine selection –amine absorption and regeneration-sour water stripping- Merox process- Sulfur recovery from H2S by Claus /super Claus/ modified Claus technology/SCOT Process/CS2 process; Electricity and steam generation by Gas turbine/boiler-Cooling tower operation-Fuel oil-Cryogenic distillation of air to N2 and O2 production- Instrument air operation
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
COURSE OUTCOMES:
On completion of the course, the students will be able to
CO1 – acquires knowledge on different methodologies in the secondary petroleum refining processes like thermal cracking, coking, catalytic cracking, hydrocracking.
CO2 – understand the operation on FCC, Vis breaker, DCU, Reformer.
CO3 – helps to understand the operation on utilities like steam, cooling water, instrument air, H2, N2.
CO4 – understand the basic knowledge on isomerisation, alkylation and reforming process.
CO5 – gather some knowledge in the finishing processes and their operations in refining industries.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Modern Petroleum Refining Processes, BK BhaskaraRao, Oxford & IBH Publishinng Co. Pvt. Ltd.
2. Prasad, R., “Petroleum Refining Technology”, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2000
3. W. L. Nelson, Petroleum Refinery Engineering,, McGraw-Hill Book Co , 1969
4. J. H. Gary, H. Hanwerk and M. J. Kaiser, Petroleum Refining Technology and Economics, CRC Press , 5th Edition, 2007
5. Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining, M.A. Fahim, T.A. Al-sahhaf, A.S. Elkilani; Elsevier Science and Technology
REFERENCES
1. J.G. Speight and B. Ozum, “Petroleum Refining Processes”, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, 2002
2. G.D. Hobson, “Modern Petroleum Technology”, Vol I & II, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 5th edition, 1984
3. David.S.J.”STAN”Jones and Peter R.Pujado “Handbook of Petroleum Processing, Springer,2006.
4. Smalheer, C.V and R.Kennedy Smith Lubricant Additives. The Lezius – Hill Company, Cleveland, Ohio. USA, 1987