ML3302 Metallurgical Thermodynamics Syllabus:

ML3302 Metallurgical Thermodynamics Syllabus – Anna University Regulation 2021

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The main learning objective of this course is to prepare students for:
1. Having an overview on the fundamental concepts in metallurgical thermodynamics
2. Gaining knowledge about the state functions such as internal energy, entropy and criteria of equilibrium.
3. Getting an insight to the auxiliary functions, heat capacities and thermodynamic potentials.
4. Knowing the essentials of thermodynamic behaviour of solutions,
5. Having an exposure on thermodynamics of electrochemical cells, surfaces and defects.

UNIT I FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

Definition of thermodynamic terms; concept of states, systems and surroundings, Types of systems, equilibrium. Equation of states, extensive and intensive properties, homogeneous and heterogeneous, micro-macro systems. Phase diagrams and its classification, Internal energy, heat capacity, enthalpy, isothermal, and adiabatic processes.

UNIT II INTERNAL ENERGY AND ENTROPY

First law of Thermodynamics: Relation between Heat and work, Internal energy and Enthalpy. The Second law of thermodynamics: Spontaneous process, Degree of measure of reversibility and irreversibility, Maximum work, criteria of equilibrium. Combined statement of first and second laws on thermodynamics. Statistical interpretation of entropy: Concept of microstate, most probable microstate, Thermal equilibrium, Boltzman equation, configurational entropy

UNIT III AUXILLARY FUNCTIONS AND THERMODYNAMIC POTENTIALS

Auxiliary functions: Helmholtz, Gibbs free energy, Maxwell’s equation, Gibbs-Helmholtz equations. Concept of Third law, temperature dependence of entropy, Einstein’s and Debye’s concepts of heat capacity, relation between Cp and Cv, Nernst heat theorem, Consequences of third law, Hess’s law, Le Chatelier’s principle and Kirchoff’s law. Zeroth law of thermodynamics and its applications. Thermodynamic potentials: Fugacity, Activity and Equilibrium constant. Clausius – Clayperon and Vant Hoff’s equations.

UNIT IV THERMODYNAMICS OF SOLUTIONS

Solutions, Mole fraction, Dalton’s law, partial molar quantities, ideal and non-ideal solutions, Henry’s law, Gibbs – Duhem equation, regular solution, quasi-chemical approach to solution, statistical treatment. Change of standard state. Phase relations and phase rule, its applications. Ellingham diagram and its use. Free energy composition diagrams for binary alloy systems, determination of liquidus, solidus and solvus lines. Effect of pressure on phase transformation and phase equilibria.

UNIT V THERMODYNAMICS OF REACTIONS

Thermodynamics of electrochemical cells, solid electrolytes. Pourbaix diagrams. Thermodynamics of Surfaces: Adsorption isotherms, Effect of surface energy on pressure and phase transformation temperature. Thermodynamics of Defects in solids: Point defects, vacancies and interstitials in solid metals.

TOTAL: 60 PERIODS
COURSE OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of this course, the students will be able to:
1. Recognize the nature of the system and properties.
2. Explain the concept of internal energy, entropy and criteria for equilibrium.
3. Realize the importance of auxiliary functions and thermodynamic potentials
4. Apply the concepts of thermodynamics in the behaviour of solutions.
5. Outline the thermodynamic approaches towards electrochemical cells, surfaces and defects.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. David R Gaskell & David E Laughlin,” Introduction to the Thermodynamics of materials”, CRC press, Sixth edition, 2017.
2. Subir Kumar Bose & Sanat Kumar Roy, “ Principles of Metallurgical Thermodynamics”, Universities press, 2014.

REFERENCES:

1. Ahindra Ghosh, Textbook of Materials and Metallurgical Thermodynamics, Prentice hall of India, 2002.
2. Boris.S. Bokstein, Mikhail I. Mendelev, David J. Srolovitz,” Thermodynamics and Kinetics in Materials science”, Oxford University Press 2005.
3. Prasad, Krishna Kant, Ray, H. S. and Abraham, K. P., “Chemical and Metallurgical Thermodynamics”, New Age International, 2012.
4. Shamsuddin M, “ Physical Chemistry of Metallurgical process”, John Wiley, 2016
5. Upadhyaya, G. S. and Dube, R. K., “Problems in Metallurgical Thermodynamics and Kinetics”, Pergamon Press, London, 1977.

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