CBM355 Medical Imaging Systems Syllabus:
CBM355 Medical Imaging Systems Syllabus – Anna University Regulation 2021
OBJECTIVES:
● To understand the generation of X-ray and its uses in Medical imaging
● To describe the principle of Computed Tomography.
● To know the techniques used for visualizing various sections of the body.
● To learn the principles of different radio diagnostic equipment in Imaging.
● To discuss the radiation therapy techniques and radiation safety
UNIT I X RAYS
Nature of X-rays- X-Ray absorption – Tissue contrast. X- Ray Equipment (Block Diagram) – XRay Tube, the collimator, Bucky Grid, power supply, Digital Radiography – discrete digital detectors, storage phosphor and film scanning, X-ray Image Intensifier tubes – Fluoroscopy – Digital Fluoroscopy. Angiography, cine Angiography. Digital subtraction Angiography. Mammography.
UNIT II COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Principles of tomography, CT Generations, X- Ray sources- collimation- X- Ray detectors – Viewing systems – spiral CT scanning – Ultra fast CT scanners. Image reconstruction techniques – back projection and iterative method.
UNIT III MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Fundamentals of magnetic resonance- properties of electromagnetic waves : speed , amplitude, phase, orientation and waves in matter – Interaction of Nuclei with static magnetic field and Radio frequency wave- rotation and precession – Induction of magnetic resonance signals – bulk magnetization – Relaxation processes T1 and T2. Block Diagram approach of MRI system – system magnet (Permanent, Electromagnet and Superconductors), generations of gradient magnetic fields, Radio Frequency coils (sending and receiving), shim coils, Electronic components, fMRI.
UNIT IV NUCLEAR IMAGING
Radioisotopes- alpha, beta, and gamma radiations. Radio Pharmaceuticals. Radiation detectors – gas filled, ionization chambers, proportional counter, GM counter and scintillation Detectors, Gamma camera – Principle of operation, collimator, photomultiplier tube, X-Y positioning circuit, pulse height analyzer. Principles of SPECT and PET
UNIT V RADIATION THERAPY AND RADIATION SAFETY
Radiation therapy – linear accelerator, Telegamma Machine. SRS – SRT – Recent Techniques in radiation therapy – 3D CRT – IMRT – IGRT and Cyber knife – radiation measuring instruments Dosimeter, film badges, Thermo Luminescent dosimeters – electronic dosimeter – Radiation protection in medicine – radiation protection principles
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
COURSE OUTCOMES:
At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1: Describe the working principle of the X-ray machine and its application.
CO2: Illustrate the principle computed tomography
CO3: Interpret the technique used for visualizing various sections of the body using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
CO4: Demonstrate the applications of radionuclide imaging.
CO5: Analyze different imaging techniques and choose appropriate imaging equipment for better diagnosis and outline the methods of radiation safety.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Isaac Bankman, I. N. Bankman , Handbook Of Medical Imaging: Processing and Analysis(Biomedical Engineering),Academic Press,2000
2. Jacob Beutel (Editor), M. Sonka (Editor), Handbook of Medical Imaging, Volume 2. Medical Image Processing and Analysis , SPIE Press 2000
3. Khin Wee Lai, DyahEkashantiOctorinaDewi “Medical Imaging Technology”, Springer Singapore, 2015
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Khandpur R.S, “Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation”, Tata McGraw – Hill, New Delhi, 2003.
2. Dougherty, Geoff (Ed.), “Medical Image Processing – Techniques and Applications “,Springer-Verlag New York, 2011