PC3451 Petroleum Secondary Processing Technology Syllabus:

PC3451 Petroleum Secondary Processing Technology Syllabus – Anna University Regulation 2021

OBJECTIVE:

 Students will learn the process involving to convert one form of hydrocarbon into another form of hydrocarbon to meet the customer requirement using cracking, reforming, alklylation, isomerization and polymerization unit processes.

UNIT I VISBREAKING, THERMAL CRACKING AND COKING

Need and significance of Secondary Processing – Types and functions of Secondary Processing – Visbreaking: Principle – Process flow schemes – Coil type, Soaker drum Processes, operating parameters and advantages – Factors influencing visbreaking process.
Thermal Cracking: Process flow schemes, Reaction chemistry and free radical mechanisms, Factors influencing thermal cracking process.
Coking : Principle – Types – Advantages – Process flow schemes – Delayed Coking, Fluid Coking and Flexi-Coking processes – Factors influencing coking process

UNIT II CATALYTIC CRAKING AND HYDRO CRACKING

Catalytic Cracking: Principle – Advantages – Process flow schemes – Batch process and Continuous process – Fixed bed, Moving bed and Fludized bed catalytic cracking process, Reaction chemistry and carbonium ion mechanisms, Factors influencing catalytic cracking process. Commercial Catalyst.
Hydro Cracking: Principle – Advantages – Process flow schemes – Reaction chemistry – Factors influencing hydro cracking process – Commercial Catalyst

UNIT III CATALYTIC REFORMING AND POLYMERIZATION

Reforming: Principle – Advantages – Process flow schemes – Batch process and Continuous process – Reaction chemistry – Favourable and unfavourable reactions – Factors influencing reforming process – Commercial Catalyst Other commercial reforming process like Platforming, Houdri Forming, Rhein Forming, Power Forming, Selecto Forming. Ultra Forming and Rex Forming Polymerization: Principle – Advantages – Process flow schemes – Reaction chemistry and mechanisms, Factors influencing polymerization process – Commercial Catalyst.

UNIT IV ALKYLATION AND ISOMERIZATION

Alkylation Process: Principle – Advantages – Process flow schemes – Sulphuric Acid Alkylation, Hydrofluoric Acid Alkylation – Reaction chemistry, Factors influencing alkylation process – catalyst selection.
Isomerization Process: Principle – Advantages – Process flow schemes – Platinum Catalyst and Aluminium Chloride Process – Reaction chemistry, Factors influencing alkylation process – catalyst selection.

UNIT V FINAL TREATMENT TECHNIQUES

Acid gas and Sulphur Removal Techniques: Hydro Desulphurization Processes, Merox process, Metal Oxide process-Iron sponge process, Zinc Oxide process – Chem sweet process, Sulfa Check process, Amine process / Girbotol process and Molecular sieve process. Sulphur recovery using claus process.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOME:

On completion of the course, the students would be able to
CO1. Understand the need of different secondary process and demonstrate appropriate technologies available to meet the specified needs of the petroleum products.
CO2. Select appropriate technologies to meet the specified needs of lighter petroleum products from heavier feed
CO3. Select appropriate technologies and different flow sheet to get aromatic and olefin compounds from paraffinic feed and getting heavier products from lighter feed
CO4. Understand different flow sheets, and appropriate technologies to maximize gasoline yield and quality.
CO5. Select appropriate technologies to get cleaner products and demonstrate knowledge on various application of specialty products obtained from crude oil
CO6. Optimization of product blending for quality and quantity improvement.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Jones, D.S.J. and Pujadó, P.R., Handbook of petroleum processing, Springer, The Netherlands, 2006
2. Nelson, W. L “Petroleum Refinery Engineering”, McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited,1985.
3. Watkins, R. N “Petroleum Refinery Distillations”, 2nd Edition, Gulf Publishing Company, Texas, 1981.

REFERENCES:

1. Parkash, S., Refining processes handbook, Gulf Professional Publishing, 2003
2. Hobson, G. D “Modern Petroleum Refining Technology”, 4th Edition, Institute of Petroleum, U. K. 1973.