Member: A data object (variable), function, or operator declared in a class declaration and (for a function or operator) not designated as a friend. See data member, member function.

Mask: A pattern of bits for controlling the retention or elimination of another group of bits.

Manipulator: A data object that is used with the insertion and extraction operators as if it were a value to be inserted into a stream or a data object whose value is to be extracted from a stream. A manipulator causes a specified operation to be performed on the stream.

Macro Processor: A program that generates code by replacing values into positions in a defined template.

Macro: A short piece of text, or text template, that can be expanded into a longer text.

Logical Operator: A C++ operator that performs a logical operation on its two operands and returns a true or a false value.

Local Variable: A variable whose scope is limited to the block in which it is declared.

Linkage: The property of an identifier that governs its accessibility in different source files. An identifier with internal linkage is accessible only in the source file in which it is declared. An identifier with an external linkage is accessible in all the source files of a program.

Left Shift: The operation of moving the bits field left by a specified amount and filling the vacated positions with zeros.

Intermediate Base Class: A class that lies on an inheritance path connecting a base class and a derived class. For example, if class C is derived from class B and class B is derived from class A, then B is an intermediate base class lying on the inheritance path between the base class A and the derived class C.

Instantiation: The creation of a data item representing a variable or a class (giving a value to something).

Instance Variable: A data member that is not designated as static. Each instance of a class contains a corresponding data object for each nonstatic data member of the class. Because the data objects are associated with each instance of the class, rather than with the class itself, we refer to them as instance variables.

Instance: An instance of a class is an object whose type is the class in question.

Insertion Operator: The operator <<, which is used to send output data to the screen.

Inline Function: A function definition such that each call to the function is, in effect, replaced by the statements that define the function.