SF3022 Radiation Protection Syllabus:
SF3022 Radiation Protection Syllabus – Anna University Regulation 2021
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1. Provides fundamental physical concept to understand radiation
2. Explain the interaction of radiation with matter and biological effects
3. Explain various dosimetry quantities and how to obtain them from radiation measurements
4. Provides a fundamental grounding in the theory and principles of radiation protection
5. Provides knowledge to build methodology to protect workers, the public, and the environment from radioactivity and radiation using these theory and principles.
UNIT I REVIEW OF ATOMIC, NUCLEAR AND RADIATION PHYSICS
Atomic structure basic -periodic table – atomic radiation (x-ray, Auger electrons and electron conversion) -Molecules-Nuclear structure & stability basics-radio activity (spontaneous &induced) and radiation emission (alpha, beta, gamma, internal conversion, fission fragments) – nuclear reaction basis -solids and energy band
UNIT II INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Interaction of particles (Electron, Alpha and Heavy ions) with matter- charged particle tracks typeInteraction of photons (Gamma and X-rays) with matter- Neutron interaction, fission and criticalityBasic biology (of human cell, fetus and human organs)- physical, chemical (pre & delayed) and track formation in water-chemical and biological effects (acute, delayed somatic, micro and macro level, genetic, cataract, cancer life shortening etc.-)
UNIT III RADIATION SOURCES, DETECTION, MEASUREMENTS AND DOSIMETRY
Category of radiation sources based on types (X-ray, Gamma, Neutron, Beta, Alpha and Heavy ions) and method of generation (Isotopic, Reactor based, Accelerator Based)- Radiation detectors (Gas filled, Semiconductor, Scintillation, Solid state, Emulsion, Activation) Gamma and Neutron spectrometry (using Scintillation and Semiconductor detectors)- Dosimetric quantities and its definition and units (Equivalent, Effective, Committed Equivalent and Committed Effective Doses)- Dose response (Relationships Affecting Factors)- Relative Biology Effectiveness- Dose ratesOxygen Enhancement Ratio- Chemical modifiers – Dose fractionation in Radiotherapy
UNIT IV REVIEW OF STATISTICS FOR RADIATION PROTECTION
Statistical nature of radiation- radioactive disintegrations (exponential decay and Bernoulli process Review of statistical distributions (binomial, Poisson and Normal)- Error and Error propagationcounting radioactive sample (gross and Net count rates)- Optimum counting time- counting of shortlived samples – Minimum Significant measured Activity and Minimum Detectable True Activity Instrument’s response, resolution and dead time- Radio bioassay criteria- Monti-Carlo simulation of radiation transport
UNIT V RADIATION PROTECTION PRINCIPLES, STANDARDS & REGULATIONS
Radiation protection criteria and exposure limit (objective, elements& methodology) – introduction to external and internal radiation protection- NCRP, ICRP, and AERB and its reports, guidelines and regulations – introduction to selected ICRP models (No.30&66: respiratory system, respiratory track, gastro intestinal, bones, reference man and radioactive cloud)-organs activity and transformation number-specific absorbed fraction & effective energy- committed quantities- collective dose quantities- limit on intake and exposure (occupational, nonoccupational, and individual)- Current exposure limits of NCRP, ICRP and AERB and ICRU operational quantities -Probability of causation Risk estimate
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
COURSE OUTCOMES:
On completion of this course the student will be able to:
CO1 – Relate the dosimetry quantities and radiation protection standards to its scientific basis and examine its applicability to national and international regulations and guidance.
CO2 – Explain radioactivity and radiation interactions (physical & biological) and how to relate the radiation measurements to dosimetry units
CO3 – Apply the knowledge gained to categorize sources of radiation and contrast their relative hazards with reference to rules and regulations in the area of radiation protection
CO4 – Analyze the biological effects and evaluate the risks of exposure to ionizing radiation
CO5 – Build procedures along with cost analysis for protecting workers, the public, and the environment from radioactivity and radiation.
REFERENCES:
1. An Introduction to Radiation Protection 7th Edition by Alan Martin, Sam Harbison, Karen Beach and Peter Cole, 2019, CRC Press
2. Radiological Assessment: Sources and Exposures by Richard E. Faw and J. Kenneth Shultis, American Nuclear Society (1999)
3. Various NCRP, ICRP, ICRU and AERB Reports
4. Radiation Detection and Measurement, 2nd Edition, Glenn F. Knoll, Wiley