Lambda (λ): It is the excess air factor defined as the ratio of the actual air consumed in the engine to the theoretical air required. For a stoichiometric air-fuel mixture. λ = 1.0. For a rich mixture, λ < 1.0 and for a lean mixture, λ > 1.0. Related posts: Personnel Management Operative Functions Administrative Role of PM Competency HR Management Role Change Personnel Policies Personnel Procedures Appealed Policies Implied Policies Specific Policies Personnel records Research Pure research Personnel research Attitude or Opinion Survey Turnover Secondary research Applied research Personnel audit Read more articles Previous PostLiquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Next PostLambda sensor or probe